क्या आप जानते हैं कि अब पूरा का पूरा हिमालयी क्षेत्र भूकम्प के सर्वाधिक जोखिम वाले जोन VI में सम्मिलित किया गया हैं / The new IS 1893:2025 code classifies our mountains as Zone VI (Extreme Risk).
भूकम्प सुरक्षा के दृष्टिगत इस जोन में भवनों को केवल मजबूत नहीं, लचीला भी होना चाहिये। इन्हे लाठी की तरह टूटना नहीं, पेड़ो की तरह मुड़ने में सक्षम होना चाहिये / A building in this zone must be flexible, not just strong. It should bend like a tree, not snap like a stick.
1. THE “LIFE-LOCK” HOOK (135°)
याद रखिये, कॉलम में पड़ने वाले छल्ले आपके घर का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष हैं / The rings (stirrups) around your column are the most important part of your house.
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The Rule: All hooks must be bent inward to 135 degrees.
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The Danger: 90-degree hooks “open up” during a quake, causing the column to explode.
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Check: Ensure the “tail” of the hook is at least 3 inches long and tucked deep into the concrete.
2. THE “JOINT CAGE” (Dense Spacing)
भवनों में कमजोरी प्रायः बीम व कॉलम के जोड़ से प्रारम्भ होती हैं / Buildings almost always fail where the column meets the beam.
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The Rule: In the first 2 feet above and below any joint, the rings must be very close—only 4 inches (100 mm) apart.
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The Rule: In the middle of the column, the gap can be 6 inches (150 mm).
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Check: Count the rings near the beam. If there are fewer than 6 rings in the first 2 feet, it is unsafe.
3. THE “ZIG-ZAG” WALL BOND
दीवारों का कॉलम के साथ मजबूत गठजोड़ होना चाहिये / Walls must be tied to the column to prevent them from falling outward.
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The Rule: Never use “Toothing” (jagged brick edges). Build walls in level layers.
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The Rule: Put two 8 mm steel bars (Seismic Bands) horizontally in the brickwork every 2 feet of height.
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Check: Are the bricks “anchored” into the concrete column using steel dowels?
4. THE “CONCRETE BARTENDER” MIX
भूकम्पीय कम्पनों के समक्ष लापरवाही से तैयार किया गया कंक्रीट ढह जाता हैं / Bad concrete turns to dust during a shake.
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The Ratio: 1 bag Cement : 1.5 bags Sand : 3 bags Stone.
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The Water: Use the minimum water possible. If the concrete is runny like soup, it is weak.
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Curing: Keep all concrete soaking wet for at least 10 days.
5. THE “L-BEND” ANCHORAGE
बीम के सरियों को मजबूती से कॉलम के साथ बाँधा जाना चाहिये / The steel from the beam must be “hooked” into the column.
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The Rule: Beam bars must not stop at the column edge. They must bend into an “L” shape and go deep into the column.
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Check: Look at the steel before the concrete is poured. If the beam bars don’t “turn the corner” into the column, the beam will pull out during a quake.
The tragic structural betrayals seen in the 2015 Nepal Earthquake and the preventable collapses in Turkey 2023 warn us that nature does not forgive a missed stirrup or a weak joint.
These past events tell us that “saving” a few hundred rupees on steel today creates a tomb for tomorrow.
Homeowner’s eye is the best defence against negligence, but history warns us that if we do not enforce the 135-degree hook at our own sites today, the mountain will inevitably find our shortcuts tomorrow.
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